Environmental health

Ventilation of residential buildings: Impacts on the occupants' respiratory health

A residential building’s indoor air can theoretically contain various types of contaminants to which the occupants could be exposed. Many studies have established links between the presence of indoor air contaminants and some health problems. A reduction in indoor air contamination must ideally be the subject of a strategy encompassing a certain number of measures, with control at source definitely being the first option to be considered. However, this approach alone is not sufficient to reduce all of the contaminants present, so other complementary measures need to be considered, such as the ventilation of indoor spaces.

At the present time, the application of regulations on the ventilation of small residential buildings varies greatly in Québec, with municipalities having the power to adopt their own construction regulation. The Régie du bâtiment du Québec (RBQ) wants to adopt a uniform basic standard for all new buildings, particularly concerning the installation of mecha…

Direct comparison of deposit from aerial and ground ULV applications of malathion with AGDISP predictions

A series of field trials were completed to inter-compare ground deposition from ground and aerial sprays of Fyfanon® ULV adulticide and to compare these results with others predicted by AGDISP. A ground cold-aerosol generator (Clarke GRIZZLY) was used in wind conditions ranging from 3.6 to 12.4 kph. Deposit samples (fiberglass filters) were taken at 10 m intervals to 500 m downwind. Collocated at alternate sites, the spray cloud at 1.4 m height was characterized using rotating 3 mm rods to measure drop density and size within the cloud. Aerial trials using PJ20 high-pressure nozzles were completed in winds of 17-25 kph at spray height (60 m). Ground deposit was measured at 100 m intervals to 5 km while the spray cloud was characterized at 200 m intervals.

Radon in Québec Evaluation of the health risk and critical analysis of intervention strategies

This document should not be thought of as the end point in the process of managing radon-related risks. Instead, it is more a first milestone. We believe that it will allow public authorities to continue this process on more precise foundations. The document presents the state of knowledge and critically reviews the different intervention options. It does not present a detailed program, but instead a process for the gradual implementation of different interventions.

The Use of Chrysotile Asbestos in Quebec

In 1997, in light of international developments with respect to asbestos, the ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (Québec's department of health and social services) set up the Comité aviseur sur l'amiante (asbestos advisory committee) to make recommendations concerning appropriate measures for informing the public about the asbestos situation in Québec and protecting public health in this regard. To carry out this mandate, the committee conducted a number of studies. These were synthesized in three documents that may be consulted on the website of the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ) (De Guire et al., 2003; Lajoieet al., 2003; De Guire & Lajoie, 2003).

In 2002, the Québec government adopted a Politique d'utilisation accrue et sécuritaire de l'amiante chrysotile (Policy concerning the increased and safe use of chrysotile asbestos). As the name indicates, the objective of this policy is to increase the…

Exposure and Preliminary Health Assessments of the Oujé-Bougoumou Cree Population to Mine Tailings Residues: Report of the Survey

The Cree community of Oujé-Bougoumou is located approximately 60 kilometres west of Chibougamau and comprises 622 residents. There was, for this community, a potential exposure to toxic substances derived from tailings residues left behind from mining operations in the mid 1950s.

Confronted with this potential exposure, the Grand Council of the Crees commissioned an environmental contamination study, which was conducted by Christopher L. Covel from CL COVEL PG LLC and Roger D. Masters from Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. This study indicated mobilization of toxic elements from mine tailings residues and suggested possible impacts on human health.

The report produced by this study was subsequently critically reviewed by Evert Nieboer of McMaster University who endorsed the environmental conclusions, but not the interpretation of the data on contaminants in hair on which the human health risk judgement had been based. A 2001 survey by the Quebec Ministry of…

Asbestos Fibres in Indoor and Outdoor Air AND The Epidemiology of Asbestos-related Diseases in Quebec - Summary and recommendations of the reports

In 1997, in light of international developments with respect to asbestos, particularly after its banning in France, Quebec's ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (department of health and social services) set up a Comité aviseur sur l'amiante (asbestos advisory committee). The aim of this committee was to make recommendations about appropriate measures to inform the public and to protect public health in relation to the asbestos situation in Quebec. The advisory committee then created two sub-committees: the first to document asbestos exposure and the second to examine the epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases in Quebec. The sub-committee on exposure was mandated to assess the pertinence and the feasibility of assessing asbestos exposure in the general population, particularly in public buildings such as schools. The sub-committee on epidemiology was mandated to review epidemiological studies available in Quebec on mesothelioma, pulmonary cancers, and asbestosis; evalua…

Asbestos Fibres in Indoor and Outdoor Air - The Situation in Quebec

In 1997, in light of international developments with respect to asbestos, particularly after its banning in France and the ensuing controversy, the ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) set up a Comité aviseur sur l'amiante (asbestos advisory committee). The aim of this committee was to make recommendations about appropriate measures to inform the public and to protect public health.

The mandate of the Comité aviseur sur l'amiante (exposure measurement) consisted in assessing the pertinence and the feasibility of assessing asbestos exposure in the general population, particularly in public buildings such as schools. The sub-committee that was created to carry out this task first analyzed the available existing data from all areas. As early as June 1997, the sub-committee identified schools as priority action areas. The sub-committee developed a protocol and environmental assessment tools intended for all school boards and for the directions de santé publique (…

Prevention of scalding and legionellosis cases associated to hot tap water in private homes

This notice responds to a request from the ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (department of health) of Québec. It is the result of the concerted efforts of two teams within the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (national institute of public health): the “Biohazard, environmental and occupational risks” team wrote the “legionellosis” section, and the “Safety and injury prevention” team wrote the “scalding” section.

Based on an analysis of the scientific literature and the data available in Québec, the Institute believes that preventing tap water scalds is as important as preventing legionellosis. These problems have similar consequences from a public health perspective and in both cases there are well-known, effective or promising prevention measures.

Health risks associated with the indoor presence of moulds - Summary document

In April 2000, the Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux mandated the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ) to coordinate the production of a scientific report on the health risks associated with the indoor presence of moulds. To accomplish this mission, a Task Force was created, primarily composed of representatives of the public health network, especially the environmental health and occupational health sectors.

This document is a summary of the scientific report produced by the Task Force, which is based on an up-to-date literature review on the issue and on the opinions of internationally recognized organizations. This document is mainly intended for the stakeholders of organizations interested in management of indoor fungal contamination cases.

Over the years, the indoor presence of moulds has become a matter of concern for health professionals and for the general public. Over the past few years, more and more studies conducted in North A…

Thoughts on urban use pesticides

In Quebec, according to current data, sales of domestic pesticides, that is, those used by private individuals, rose by almost 600% between the end of the 1970s and the start of the 1990s, and by 60% between 1992 and 1996. This development, which is the result of a keen interest in landscape maintenance and ornamental horticulture on the part of the public, is also a source of concern for many members of the public, as well as for public health authorities. This memorandum offers a brief overview of current knowledge on the health effects of urban use pesticides and suggests ways to ensure that pesticides are used rationally and safely.

Some of the health risks associated with urban use pesticides remain poorly understood due to the fact that few studies have focused on urban uses. However, the data derived from the literature on the potential effects of certain pesticides which are widely used in landscape maintenance justify a more prudent, rational approach to pestic…